Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with
one another in love. Make every effort
to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. There is one body and one spirit, just as you
were called, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who
is over all and through all and in all. – Ephesians 4:2-5
I don’t usually write about issues that are controversial
among believers. I don’t do that because
I firmly believe Ephesians 4:2-5. I
believe that most issues Christians argue about are not essential enough to the
gospel to warrant the disruption of unity.
Today, though, I do want to blog about a controversial issue, but I want
to blog with a spirit of unity in mind.
I want to be humble. I want to be
gentle. I do not want to cause
disharmony. So, to that end, I think it
is important to specify why and to whom I am writing, and to do that, I think I
should also indicate to whom I am NOT writing.
I am writing about why I believe in free will to encourage others
who believe in free will also to consider why
they believe in it. I’m writing to
encourage anyone who has never thought about the issue to consider it. I’m also writing to ask anyone who doesn’t
know what they believe to think about it.
And to persuade anyone who doesn’t know what their church believes to find
that out. I am a fan of being aware of
what we believe and why we believe it.
I am NOT writing to argue or to start a debate. I am not writing to convince anyone who
believes in election to change their mind.
I am not trying to disrupt unity or spark unhealthy disagreements. I’m
simply trying to provoke thought. With that purpose in mind, I’m not going to
pull out a ton of scripture or be argumentative. I just want to give a little food for thought
to myself and any readers, and writing is how I think best. So here it goes!
Calvinist View on
Election
I think it would help to outline Calvinism – especially if
this is a new concept. The Calvinist
approach comes from John Calvin, and his belief system can be easily remembered
with the acronym TULIP. I’ll explain it
using that acronym. Calvinism is the
opposite belief to free will, and though I don’t include much of it here (since
I’m explaining why I believe in free will), there is definitely good scripture
that can be interpreted to support Calvinism.
T – Total Depravity.
Calvinists believe that man is totally depraved. They believe that because of Adam and Eve’s
sin, man is now born into sin and is, therefore, incapable of coming to God of
his own accord. In himself, man can do
no good thing – only God can enable him to do good.
U – Unconditional Election.
Here Calvinists believe that God has already decided whom He will
save. You may have heard this concept
also called “predestination” as in God has predestined those whom he would
save. If we cannot come to God of our
own free will because we live in total depravity, then God must bring us to himself. Some he will choose to bring and some he will
not choose to bring. This would, by
default, mean that he has also elected who would not be saved and who would,
therefore, go to hell. There are several
scriptures used to back this belief. I
think Romans 9 is the most convincing, but Ephesians 1 is worth examining, too. If you believe in free will, this is the
hardest part of Calvinism, but someone believing in unconditional election
would respond to you, “If you believe God is sovereign, you have to trust that
his judgment is best and that he can do whatever he wants. Who are we to question his ways?”
L – Limited Atonement.
This belief is necessary to go with unconditional election (at least in
my opinion). Limited atonement means that Christ’s sacrifice atones for the
sins of believers but not unbelievers.
If God has already elected whom he will save, then Christ’s sacrifice
only needs to cover those people to whom he will offer atonement. It is not available to all people because
salvation is not available to all – it is only available to the elect and only
when directly offered to them by God because, in their total depravity, they
cannot ask for it of their own accord.
I – Irresistible Grace.
This means that God will come to those he has elected to receive
salvation in such an irresistible way that they will not be able to deny his
offer of grace and atonement for their sins.
This is where lack of free will is most clear.
P – Preservation of Saints.
This means that people cannot fall away from God after a salvation
experience. Again, the thing about TULIP
is that each consecutive conclusion makes sense based on the others. If a
person has no choice regarding their salvation because God in his sovereignty
elected them to receive atonement, then they would not be able to fall away. That would not be part of his plan
considering he chose them to be one of the elect.
Wow! Lots of
information, huh? I hope it wasn’t too
much. I know I left out scripture to back these points is most places, but it
truly is there. The links will help show
it but also a search of Calvinism will help – there is a lot out there about
TULIP.
Free Will
So TULIP is easy to understand – it is cut and dry. John Calvin reminds me of my husband –
perhaps not in his belief system, but definitely in his logical argument. Free Will is so much harder for me to
tackle. It is harder because there is no
set viewpoint on it. Different
denominations disagree with Calvinism in different ways. For example, some agree with total depravity
but not to the full extent that man can’t make a choice. Some believe in the preservation of the
saints but not election.
There is no universal viewpoint on Free Will, so I simply wanted
to write a little bit about what I believe, but before I do that, I
want to acknowledge that I could 100% be wrong on this issue. I’ve seen the scripture backing election, and
I admit that it is convincing in places.
I also want to admit that one of the initial reasons I didn’t agree with
TULIP when it was presented to me is because it just didn’t feel right to me. It didn’t feel
like the God I know, and we all know that feelings can lead us astray. Backing beliefs with scripture and being
willing to examine all the scripture and not just throw away hard ones is
necessary to being a mature believer. So,
if the ideas I presented were making you uncomfortable in those last
paragraphs, please take the time to examine the scripture supporting them. Don’t discount a viewpoint simply because it
causes discomfort, and don’t just believe what I say, either. In full disclosure, I think I am at a place
where I would have an answer to any scripture a Calvinist presented me, but I
know that some of my answers need a little more thought. Basically, I’m still wrestling with and praying
about this issue. And it is possible
that in 10 years, I won’t believe what I believe today.
But….here is what I currently think in response to TULIP.
T – Total Depravity.
I agree that man is born into sin.
I agree that of ourselves, we are not good. I believe that when we do good works, it is
God using us to do them, and I actually think that God can use unbelievers to
accomplish his purposes as easily as he can use believers. I think about James 1:17 that says “Every
good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of heavenly
lights.” If every good thing comes from
God, but some good is a direct result of the actions of an unbeliever, then I
would say God is using that person to bring that gift. In terms of salvation, I also agree that we
cannot come to Christ of our own accord but that we are moved by the Holy
Spirit to respond to his gift of grace.
U – Unconditional Election.
I don’t agree with this one.
I
think salvation is available to anyone who asks.
I’d cite Romans 10:13 that says “Everyone who
calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”
[1] I’d also refer to 1 Timothy 2:4 which says
that God “wants all people to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the
truth.”
I would question that if God
desires for all to know him then why would he only make salvation available to
a few?
As I said earlier, Romans 9 is
very convincing in terms of a Calvinist viewpoint, but the overarching theme is
that Paul is asking the Jews who they are to question God.
God, he says, can do whatever he wants.
If he wants to harden the hearts of some
people as he did with Pharaoh in the Exodus, he can do that.
God is sovereign.
A Calvinist would say, “God is sovereign and
who are you to question the fact that he chooses some and not others?”
I’m not entirely convinced this is Paul’s
point considering that his overarching message to the Jews is: “God is
sovereign and he has made salvation available to the Gentiles, so who are you
to question that?
He can do whatever he
wants.”
The Jews had no problem with
election – they believed themselves to be elected.
They
did
have a problem with salvation being free to all – especially Gentiles.
So, I wonder if Paul’s point is the opposite
to what a Calvinist would say.
I wonder
if Paul is saying, “He can do whatever he wants.
He can harden hearts if he wants.
Or he can make salvation available to
all.
Who are you to question that?”
There are also other good scriptures in Ephesians (and
elsewhere) that Calvinists use to support unconditional election but my
viewpoint on these scriptures would be that God lives outside of time. He created time and is, therefore, not bound
to it. He knows who will choose to
follow him and who won’t. I believe, then, that as believers, we are
predestined for certain plans God has for us.
However, we are predestined due to our foreknown choice not due to his
election.
L – Limited Atonement.
I believe that salvation is available to all people. I believe 1 John 2:2 that says “He is the
atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of
the whole world” and Acts 17:30 that says, “But now he commands all people everywhere
to repent.” I take that those verses to
mean that atonement is available for believers as well as unbelievers. And putting that with 1 Timothy 2:4, I’d say
that anyone who wants to be covered with Christ’s atoning sacrifice can be.
I – Irresistible Grace.
[2] Calvinists firmly believe we cannot earn our
salvation, and so they see any action on our part as a step toward earning or
believing we deserve salvation.
That is
probably their biggest hang up with the concept of free will – the idea that
anyone who believes in free will must believe they are doing something to earn
their salvation.
I don’t agree that
believing in free will means also believing that we earn our salvation.
This week someone told me that a member of his Bible Study
made the comment that “we only have to reach our hands up to heaven to attain
salvation.” Someone in the study who is
Calvinist essentially responded, “So you believe it is in your reaching that
you are saved? As if you did something
to earn salvation?” I’m not Calvinist,
but I actually struggled with that wording “reach up to heaven,” too. Because here is what I don’t believe. I don’t believe that we do anything at all
to earn our salvation. Remember, I agree
with total depravity. Of ourselves, we
are completely incapable of being saved, and it is only through Christ’s
gracious work on the cross that we have the opportunity to be in heaven. I also believe that the Holy Spirit stirs our
hearts to accept the gift of grace, and that the Holy Spirit will stir the
heart of anyone with a desire to know God (see Acts 17:27-30). I guess that is why I’m not ok with the
wording, “we reach up to heaven.” I
think the only reason we can have community with God is because he reached out
to us. So, I would say that Christ paid the price,
the Holy Spirit moves our hearts toward God, and we simply accept the
gift. We say thank you. We admit our sin. We simply acknowledge that without God, we
are nothing. I think we have that
responsibility.
I see it like this: we are in jail. We are locked up in our sin. We deserve to be there. We have a death sentence on our heads, and we
deserve to die in prison for what we have done.
But, Christ comes. He says to the
warden, “Treat me like Shannon Speight.
I am her. I’ll do her
penitence.” And so he does the life
sentence, and he is put to death. To the
warden, Jesus looked like me – he was me.
So once the price is paid, Jesus stands in front of me with the key let
me out of my cell because, as far as the warden is concerned, my debt is
paid. Jesus stands there holding that
key in the lock and all he asks is that I will acknowledge what he did for me –
just say thank you and admit that I did nothing to get out on my own and that
he paid the price. When I was saved, I
don’t think I unlocked my own cell. I
don’t think I paid my own price. I don’t
think I did ANYTHING to get the freedom I have.
I just think I “Confessed with my mouth ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believed in
my heart God raised him from the dead” and as a result, I am saved (Romans
10:9).
So, I believe in grace.
I believe the Holy Spirit moved in my heart to help me accept God’s
grace. But I don’t believe that grace
was irresistible. I think God wanted me
to acknowledge who he was so he gave me the free will to make that choice. He also gave me the free will to not make
that choice and my consequence would have been hell. The free will he bestowed was another gift of
grace as he could have just as easily made me do what he wanted. I have been a
Christian for as long as I remember, so I can’t give personal anecdotes
concerning the salvation experience, but I know I’ve resisted the Holy Spirit
in other areas. I’ve done things I’ve
expressly felt him telling me not to do, and I’ve not done things I’ve felt
stirred to do. I believe I have free
will and that it is my responsibility to follow Christ or not. But, if I choose to follow, I also believe it
is only by his grace that I am able to do that.
Preservation of the Saints: I don’t know what I believe on
this one. This is that age old question
about whether it is possible to lose your salvation. A lot of people justify the preservation of
the saints with the scripture in John 18 about Jesus not losing any of those
that were given to him, but in that context it seems to apply more to the
disciples than to us. Others use Romans
8:31-39 about how nothing can separate us from Christ, but of all the things
listed, I believe that nothing can separate us.
What I wonder is if we can separate ourselves? Mark 3 talks about blasphemy of the Holy
Spirit as an unforgiveable sin, and there is a parable in Matthew 13 about the
stages of belief that makes it sound as if it is possible to fall away from
Christ, so I’m not sure about this one.
On one hand, I think it is conceivable that we might know Christ
sincerely at a young age but then turn our backs on him so strongly as adults
that we are no longer Christians. On the
other hand, I believe that if our faith was sincere, nothing would make us want
to turn away from Christ. So, I honestly
do not know. Maybe in 10 years I’ll have
a viewpoint.
Conclusion – Finally!
I know this was a long one.
Kudos to you if you are still reading.
I do want to say in conclusion that I personally do not think it matters
what side of the fence you land on – free will or Calvinism or somewhere in
between. We all believe that Christ died
for our sins, and we all believe that it is through him alone that we are
saved. This is where I think we can
achieve unity and why I’m entirely comfortable fellowshipping and worshiping with
believers who don’t agree with me.
But having unity doesn’t mean we shouldn’t think about our
belief system. It doesn’t mean we
shouldn’t dig for our own answers or search scripture to see if our thoughts
line up with it. I think we should 100%
do those things. I also think it is
outrageously important to know what our church believes about issues like
these. Right now, Andy and I are doing
the church search in Winston, and one of our favorite churches is a church that
believes in TULIP, but I adamantly believe in free will. So, can we be comfortable joining that
church? Can we be comfortable sending
Daniel to Sunday school and children’s programs where he may be taught that God
elected some to go to heaven and by default others to go to hell? I’m not sure.
Maybe. When Daniel is mature enough, I do want him to consider both
sides of this coin and seek scripture for himself because I think there is good
scripture on both sides. I think it is
possible I am misinterpreting Romans 9 and other scriptures, and the Calvinists
have it right. I’m only human, and it is
more important to me that my son be thoughtful about his beliefs and be able to
root them in scripture than he believe what I believe. Maybe joining a church with opposite beliefs
than mine would help him do that. But while he is young and much less mature,
maybe it would hinder him. So I have to
decide how big of an issue it is for me.
And that is true with every issue where the doctrine of a church may
not line up with what we believe making it read those "What We Believe" links on the websites!
Unity is important.
It is important for us as believers to be able to agree to disagree, but
it is also important for us not to ignore the complexities of Christian belief,
and it is important for us to know why we believe what we believe – as
individuals and as a church.
Links to Research:
You should know that most of this research supports Free
Will, but I think it does a good job of giving credibility to Calvinism as
well. A google search would easily
produce articles with a slant away from free will.
A Review of what Southern Baptists Believe in response to
Calvinism:
A Review of TULIP with Arguments for Free Will – This one
gives a ton of scripture on both sides.
Blogs from Raleigh pastor, JD Greer, on Calvinism. I LOVE these articles. They stress unity – he doesn’t really tell
where he stands on the issue.
[1]
Keep in mind that a Calvinist would cite this scripture to support election and
say that only those God has elected will call – thus “everyone” refers to the
elect. Both sides can find ways to
explain both scriptures. It is important
to consider both sides before reaching our own conclusions.
[2]
If you want to have some fun on your own, do some research on the terms
“Prevenient Grace,” “Justifying Grace,” and “Sanctifying Grace.” They are ideas from John Wesley (so if you
are Methodist, your church likely agrees with them). I believe in these three types of grace.